Dual modulation of formyl peptide receptor 2 by aspirin‐triggered lipoxin contributes to its anti‐inflammatory activity
Yunjun Ge, Shuo Zhang, Junlin Wang, Fangbo Xia, Jian‐Bo Wan, Jin‐Jian Lu, Richard D. Ye
Abstract
Abstract The eicosanoid lipoxin A 4 and aspirin‐triggered 15‐epi‐lipoxin A 4 (ATL) are potent anti‐inflammatory agents. How their anti‐inflammatory effects are mediated by receptors such as the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) remains incompletely understood. In the present study, fluorescent biosensors of FPR2/ALX were prepared and ATL‐induced conformational changes were recorded. A biphasic dose curve consisting of a descending phase and an ascending phase was observed, with the descending phase corresponding to diminished FPR2 response such as Ca 2+ mobilization induced by the potent synthetic agonist WKYMVm. Preincubation of FPR2‐expressing cells with 100 pM of ATL also lowered the threshold for WKYMVm to induce β‐arrestin‐2 membrane translocation, and inhibited WKYMVm‐induced interleukin 8 secretion, suggesting signaling bias favoring anti‐inflammatory activities. At 100 pM and above, ATL‐induced receptor conformational changes resembling that of the WKYMVm along with a weak but measurable inhibition of forskolin‐induced cAMP accumulation. However, no Ca 2+ mobilization was induced by ATL until its concentration reached 1 µM. Taken together, these results suggest a dual regulatory mechanism by which ATL exerts anti‐inflammatory effects through FPR2/ALX.