A Power Module for Grid Inverter With In-Built Short-Circuit Fault Current Capability
Weihua Shao, Ruizhu Wu, Li Ran, Huaping Jiang, Philip Mawby, Daniel J. Rogers, T.C. Green, Thomas Coombs, Kieran Yardley, Debaprasad Kastha, Prabodh Bajpai, Lin Zhou
Abstract
As grid codes evolve, inverter-interfaced renewable generation may be required to take greater responsibility for grid support. It may be obliged to source a large current during a short-circuit fault in the grid and provide large dynamic reactive power, beyond the inverter rating, for voltage recovery after the fault clearance. In this sense, the inverter-interfaced generating system would behave more similarly to a conventional synchronous machine. This is not yet mandatory but current technology cannot readily support it if required in the future, because the power semiconductors would overheat unless they are drastically derated. This study proposes a method to increase the power semiconductor's transient thermal capacity, and hence its short-term over-current capability, by integrating a phase-change material inside the power semiconductor module. Experiment and thermodynamic simulation across different materials are used to illustrate the feasibility of the concept and the factors that should be considered in such a design. The study shows that 1.5 p.u. (per unit) overcurrent could be achieved for 30 s, which is typical of synchronous generators; and 3.0 p.u. fault current could be achieved for 3 s. A custom-made 1200-V, 50-A IGBT half-bridge module integrating a liquid metal as the phase change material is compared with a conventional commercially available module. A validated simulation model is then used to further evaluate the proposal, regarding a 1700-V, 1000-A IGBT module for use in a wind turbine.