Epidemics on networks with preventive rewiring
Britton, Tom
Abstract
A stochastic SIR (susceptible → infective → recovered) model is considered for the spread of an epidemic on a network, described initially by an Erd˝os-R´enyi random graph, in which susceptible individuals connected to infectious neighbours may drop or rewire such connections. A novel construction of the model is used to derive a deterministic model for epidemics started with a positive fraction initially infected and prove convergence of the scaled stochastic model to that deterministic model as the population size n → ∞. For epidemics initiated by a single infective that take off, we prove that for part of the parameter space, in the limit as n → ∞, the final fraction infected τ (λ) is discontinuous in the infection rate λ at its threshold λc, thus not converging to 0 as λ ↓ λc. The discontinuity is particularly striking when rewiring is necessarily to susceptible individuals in that τ (λ) jumps from 0 to 1 as λ passes through λc.