Cooling process of brown dwarfs in Palatini <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="script">R</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> gravity

Abstract

We present an analytical model for the evolution of brown dwarfs in quadratic Palatini $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity. We improve previous studies by adopting a more realistic description of the partially degenerate state that characterizes brown dwarfs. Furthermore, we take into account the hydrogen metallic-molecular phase transition between the interior of the brown dwarf and its photosphere. For such an improved model, we revise the cooling process of substellar objects.

Topics & Concepts