Required Chlorination Doses to Fulfill the Credit Value for Disinfection of Enteric Viruses in Water: A Critical Review
Andri Taruna Rachmadi, Masaaki Kitajima, Tsuyoshi Kato, Hiroyuki Kato, Satoshi Okabe, Daisuke Sano
Abstract
inactivation than adenovirus and a human norovirus surrogate (murine norovirus) with free chlorine. On the other hand, adenovirus has lower susceptibility to monochloramine compared to murine norovirus, coxsackievirus, and echovirus. The factors that influence the required CT value are virus type, pH, water temperature, and water matrix. This systematic review demonstrates that enteroviruses and adenovirus are appropriate representative enteric viruses to evaluate water disinfection using free chlorine and monochloramine, respectively.
Topics & Concepts
CoxsackievirusMurine norovirusNorovirusEchovirusDisinfectantChlorineEnterovirusVirologyMicrobiologyInfectivityChemistryVirusWater treatmentBiologyEnvironmental engineeringEnvironmental scienceOrganic chemistryViral gastroenteritis research and epidemiologyFecal contamination and water qualityChemical Analysis and Environmental Impact