The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A preliminary study
Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma, María Magdalena Valencia Gutiérrez, Jennifer Viridiana Sánchez-Camacho, José Enrique González Hernández, Ángel Miliar-García, César Ochoa, Jonathan Labovitz, Modesto Gómez López
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with an uncontrolled glycemic index develop a wide variety of pathologies associated with diabetes, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an adjunctive therapy used to heal wounds and prevent lower extremity amputations in this population. Objective: This preliminary study aimed to evaluate how HBOT impacts inflammation in patients with Wagner stages 2-4 DFUs by analyzing its effect on the gene expression of key oxidative stress regulators SOD1, SOD2, and GPX2, of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-12, and of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods: (July 15, 2024) with the number NCT06502808. Blood samples were collected, and relative gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The hyperbaric chamber treatment increased the expression of SOD1 and GPX2 genes (0.4 and 3 times, respectively) after 30 sessions compared to baseline levels. Similarly, the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-12, IL-4, and NLRP3 increased after 30 sessions (2.1, 0.4, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively), while the expression of the TNFα gene decreased (0.5 times). Clinically, the patients' lesions were fully resolved. Conclusions: HBOT directly influences the gene expression of several potent antioxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus favoring angiogenesis and blood circulation in the extremities.