An Intranasal Multivalent Epitope-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine Confers Broad Protection against Divergent Influenza Viruses
Jingdi Pan, Qihui Wang, Mi Qi, Jianjun Chen, Xuefan Wu, Xiaowei Zhang, Wei Li, Xian‐En Zhang, Zongqiang Cui
Abstract
The development of a universal influenza vaccine to control public health threats from circulating and emerging influenza viruses is highly desirable. Here we report an intranasal multivalent epitope-based nanoparticle vaccine with broad protection against divergent influenza A and B viruses. Three highly conserved epitopes consisting of the A α-helix of hemagglutinin (H), the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M) and the HCA-2 of neuraminidase (N) are presented on a self-assembling recombinant human heavy chain ferritin cage (F) to generate the HMNF nanoparticle. Intranasal immunization of mice with HMNF mobilized potent immune responses, including high levels of antigen-specific antibodies and T cell-mediated responses, which exhibited cross-reactivity to various antigen mutations. Vaccination with HMNF conferred full protection against lethal challenge with divergent influenza A and B viruses. The broad protection of HMNF nanoparticles could be attributed to the synergistic function of antibodies and T cells. Moreover, the induced immune responses are long-lasting, and protection is maintained six months after vaccination. Our constructed HMNF nanoparticle can serve as a promising candidate for a universal influenza vaccine.