Characteristics and prognosis of bloodstream infection in patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU: an ancillary study of the COVID-ICU study
Nicolas Massart, Virginie Maxime, Pierre Fillâtre, Keyvan Razazi, Alexis Ferré, Pierre Moine, François Legay, Guillaume Voiriot, Marlène Amara, Francesca De Santi, Saad Nseir, Stéphanie Marque‐Juillet, Rania Bounab, Nicolas Barbarot, Fabrice Bruneel, Charles‐Édouard Luyt, the COVID ICU Bacteremia Study Group on behalf of the COVID-ICU Investigators, Alain Mercat, Pierre Asfar, François Beloncle, Julien Demiselle, Tài Pham, Arthur Pavot, Xavier Monnet, Christian Richard, Alexandre Demoule, Martin Dres, Julien Mayaux, Alexandra Beurton, Cédric Daubin, Richard Descamps, Aurélie Joret, Damien du Cheyron, Frédéric Pène, Jean‐Daniel Chiche, Mathieu Jozwiak, Paul Jaubert, Guillaume Voiriot, Muriel Fartoukh, Marion Teulier, Clarisse Blayau, Laetitia Bodénes, Nicolas Ferrière, Johann Auchabie, Anthony Le Meur, Sylvain Pignal, Thierry Mazzoni, Jean‐Pierre Quenot, Pascal Andreu, Jean-Baptiste Roudau, Marie Labruyère, Saad Nseir, Sébastien Préau, Julien Poissy, Daniel Mathieu, Sarah Benhamida, Rémi Paulet, Nicolas Roucaud, Martial Thyrault, Florence Daviet, Sami Hraiech, Gabriel Parzy, Aude Sylvestre, Sébastien Jochmans, Anne-Laure Bouilland, Mehran Monchi, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Quentin Mathais, Gwendoline Rager, Pierre Pasquier, Jean Reignier, Amélie Seguin, Charlotte Garret, Emmanuel Canet, Jean Dellamonica, Clément Saccheri, Romain Lombardi, Yanis Kouchit, Sophie Jacquier, Armelle Mathonnet, Mai-Ahn Nay, Isabelle Runge, Frédéric Martino, Laure Flurin, Amélie Rollé, Michel Carlès, Rémi Coudroy, Arnaud W. Thille, Jean‐Pierre Frat, Maeva Rodriguez, Pascal Beuret, Audrey Tientcheu, Arthur Vincent, Florian Michelin, Fabienne Tamion, Dorothée Carpentier, Déborah Boyer, Christophe Girault, Valérie Gissot, Stéphan Ehrmann
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) have a high incidence of hospital-acquired infections; however, data regarding hospital acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) are scarce. We aimed to investigate risk factors and outcome of BSI in critically ill coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed an ancillary analysis of a multicenter prospective international cohort study (COVID-ICU study) that included 4010 COVID-19 ICU patients. For the present analysis, only those with data regarding primary outcome (death within 90 days from admission) or BSI status were included. Risk factors for BSI were analyzed using Fine and Gray competing risk model. Then, for outcome comparison, 537 BSI-patients were matched with 537 controls using propensity score matching. RESULTS: Among 4010 included patients, 780 (19.5%) acquired a total of 1066 BSI (10.3 BSI per 1000 patients days at risk) of whom 92% were acquired in the ICU. Higher SAPS II, male gender, longer time from hospital to ICU admission and antiviral drug before admission were independently associated with an increased risk of BSI, and interestingly, this risk decreased over time. BSI was independently associated with a shorter time to death in the overall population (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.56) and, in the propensity score matched data set, patients with BSI had a higher mortality rate (39% vs 33% p = 0.036). BSI accounted for 3.6% of the death of the overall population. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 ICU patients have a high risk of BSI, especially early after ICU admission, risk that increases with severity but not with corticosteroids use. BSI is associated with an increased mortality rate.