Resilient cooling strategies – A critical review and qualitative assessment
Chen Zhang, Ongun Berk Kazanci, Ronnen Levinson, Per Heiselberg, Bjarne W. Olesen, Giacomo Chiesa, Behzad Sodagar, Zhengtao Ai, Stephen Selkowitz, Michele Zinzi, Ardeshir Mahdavi, Helene Teufl, Maria Kolokotroni, Agnese Salvati, Emmanuel Bozonnet, Féryal Chtioui, Patrick Salagnac, Ramin Rahif, Shady Attia, Vincent Lemort, Essam Elnagar, Hilde Breesch, Abantika Sengupta, Liangzhu Wang, Dahai Qi, Philipp Stern, Nari Yoon, Dragos‐Ioan Bogatu, Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp, Taha Arghand, Saqib Javed, Jan Akander, Abolfazl Hayati, Mathias Cehlin, Sana Sayadi, Sadegh Forghani, Hui Zhang, Edward Arens, Guoqiang Zhang
Abstract
The global effects of climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves and power outages, which have consequences for buildings and their cooling systems. Buildings and their cooling systems should be designed and operated to be resilient under such events to protect occupants from potentially dangerous indoor thermal conditions. This study performed a critical review on the state-of-the-art of cooling strategies, with special attention to their performance under heatwaves and power outages. We proposed a definition of resilient cooling and described four criteria for resilience—absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, restorative capacity, and recovery speed —and used them to qualitatively evaluate the resilience of each strategy. The literature review and qualitative analyses show that to attain resilient cooling, the four resilience criteria should be considered in the design phase of a building or during the planning of retrofits. The building and relevant cooling system characteristics should be considered simultaneously to withstand extreme events. A combination of strategies with different resilience capacities, such as a passive envelope strategy coupled with a low-energy space-cooling solution, may be needed to obtain resilient cooling. Finally, a further direction for a quantitative assessment approach has been pointed out.