Numerical analysis of coupled fluid-structure interaction in magnetohydrodynamic flow and phase change process of nano-encapsulated phase change material systems with deformable heated surface
Ahmed M. Hassan, Mohammed Azeez Alomari, Abdalrahman Alajmi, Abdellatif M. Sadeq, Faris Alqurashi, Mujtaba A. Flayyih, Oguzhan Kazaz
Abstract
This study investigates the fluid-structure interaction and heat transfer characteristics of nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection system with a flexible wall. A finite element method coupled with the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach was employed to solve the governing equations. The effects of key parameters were examined, including Rayleigh number (Ra = 10 3 -10 5 ), Stefan number (Ste = 0.1–0.9), fusion temperature (θ f = 0.1–0.9), NEPCM volume concentration ( ϕ = 0.01–0.04), oscillation amplitude (A = 0.05–0.15), Hartmann number ( Ha = 5–30), and magnetic field inclination angle (γ = 0°–90°). Results show that increasing Ra from 10 3 to 10 5 enhanced heat transfer by 256 %, while augmenting Ha from 5 to 30 diminished it by 36.4 %. NEPCM concentration significantly improved heat transfer, with ϕ = 0.04 yielding 31.5 % higher efficiency than ϕ = 0.01. An optimal fusion temperature of θ f = 0.5 was identified, providing 6 % better performance than extreme values. The magnetic field angle of 45° offered marginally better heat transfer. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing thermal management in MHD systems with PCMs and flexible boundaries.