Designing a Scalable Real-Time IoT Architecture for Smart Agriculture Monitoring and Control
Lyudmila V. Krasovskaya, Vasiliy Orlov, Dmitry Evsyukov, Svetlana Pchelintseva, A.R. Nizameyev
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices has led to the increased adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the farming sector. This paper presents a layered and modular system architecture specifically designed to support real-time monitoring and control in smart agriculture. The proposed design leverages edge-cloud collaboration to ensure low-latency responses, energy-efficient data transmission, and robust operation in remote environments. Unlike traditional cloud-centric approaches, the system distributes computation across multiple layers, enabling scalability and flexibility for both small and large-scale deployments. The architecture supports standardized communication protocols, real-time control logic, and seamless integration with data analytics platforms. Theoretical evaluation highlights the system's potential to improve responsiveness, adaptability, and resource efficiency in agricultural processes. This work contributes to the ongoing development of intelligent, resilient, and data-driven agricultural systems by providing a reusable architectural blueprint for future implementations.