DNA methylation mutants in <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> elucidate individual roles of CG and non-CG methylation in genome regulation
Katherine Domb, Aviva Katz, Keith D. Harris, Rafael Yaari, Efrat Kaisler, Vu Nguyen, Uyen Vu Thuy Hong, Ofir Griess, Karina G. Heskiau, Nir Ohad, Assaf Zemach
Abstract
has more robust CHH methylation, similar CG and CHG methylation levels, and minimal cross-talk between CG and non-CG methylation, making it possible to study context-specific effects independently. Our data found CHH methylation to act in redundancy with symmetric methylation in silencing transposons and to regulate the expression of CG/CHG-depleted transposons. Specific elimination of CG methylation did not dysregulate transposons or genes. In contrast, exclusive removal of non-CG methylation massively up-regulated transposons and genes. In addition, comparing two exclusively but equally CG- or CHG-methylated genomes, we show that CHG methylation acts as a greater transcriptional regulator than CG methylation. These results disentangle the transcriptional roles of CG and non-CG, as well as symmetric and asymmetric methylation in a plant genome, and point to the crucial role of non-CG methylation in genome regulation.