Presenting age and features of females diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Jonathan W Tang, Jason W. Li, David Baulderstone, Deepa Jeyaseelan
Abstract
AIM: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reportedly more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses for this gender imbalance include differing presentations in females. The aim of this study was to identify gender-based ASD differences in age at presentation, clinical features, comorbidities and severity levels. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Child Development Unit. Children diagnosed with ASD during a 6-month period were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 195 children were analysed with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. No difference was found between gender and age at diagnosis. Males were more likely to display deficits in imaginative play and use repeated or learned phrases. Females were more likely to present with proprioception and vestibular issues, fears reflecting sensory avoidance and ASD of lesser severity. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the hypothesis that gender-based differences exist within ASD presenting features. These differences should be considered when assessing for ASD in females to avoid under recognition.