Green extraction of ethnomedicinal compounds from <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Stapf using hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network
Zubera Naseem, Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Muhammad Shahid
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized using choline chloride/glycerol for the extraction of ethnomedicinal compounds from Cymbopogon citratus by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimization of extraction parameters and their interactive influence were evaluated by response surface methodology. Extracts were characterized using different antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Different phenolics/flavonoids were identified by LC-ESI-MS. The significantly enhanced extraction yield was obtained using DES in comparison with aq. methanol. Higher values of TPC, TFC, and DPPH inhibition were obtained (135 mg GAE/g, 91 mg QE/g, and 93%, respectively) for DES by applying UAE as compared to maceration.Abbreviations: DES: Deep eutectic solvent; ChCl:Gly: Choline chloride: glycerol; UAE: Ultrasound-assisted extraction; TPC: Total phenolic content; TFC: Total flavonoids content; DPPH: 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl; RSM: Response surface methodology; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; BBD: Box-Behnken design; C.V: Coefficient of variation; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; LC-ESI-MS: Liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-mass spectroscopy