Malaria in Haiti: A descriptive study on spatial and temporal profile from 2009 to 2018
Jean Ricardo Jules, Jerónimo Alencar, Martha Cecília Suárez-Mútis, Ernst Jn Baptiste, Hermano Gomes Albuquerque, María Goreti Rosa-Freitas, Christian Raccurt, Ricardo Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira, Teresa Fernandes Silva-do-Nascimento
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Haiti is one of the Caribbean countries where malaria persists. More than 99% of malaria cases are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the main vector being the mosquito Anopheles albimanus. In this paper, we describe the epidemiological profile of malaria in Haiti between 2009 and 2018. METHODS: We analyzed information on cases reported by the Ministry of Health of Haiti and the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2018, 232,479 malaria cases were reported by the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSPP); an increase in the incidence of malaria in the country in 2010, followed by a decrease in 2011, was primarily observed. Due to recent efforts to reduce malaria by 2020, its incidence declined from 60,130 cases in 2010 to 8,978 cases in 2018. Controversially, in terms of the number of reported cases, the MSPP and WHO report conflicting data. However, the results from both datasets present the same trend in Haiti from 2009 to 2018. The results also illustrate the endemicity of the disease throughout Haiti, both in rural and urban areas, especially along the coast. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the need to promote official data collection and analyses, as well as the application of epidemiological surveillance of malaria at the municipal level, for a better understanding of the real impact of malaria on the Haitian population and to create more appropriate interventions.