Plasma power-to-X (PP2X): status and opportunities for non-thermal plasma technologies
Jing Sun, Zhongping Qu, Yuting Gao, Tianyu Li, Jungmi Hong, Tianqi Zhang, Rusen Zhou, Dingxin Liu, Xin Tu, Guoxing Chen, Volker Brüser, Klaus-Dieter Weltmann, Danhua Mei, Zhi Fang, Ana Borrás, Ángel Barranco, Shaojun Xu, Chuanlong Ma, Liguang Dou, Shuai Zhang, Tao Shao, Guangliang Chen, Dawei Liu, Xinpei Lu, Zheng Bo, Wei‐Hung Chiang, Krasimir Vasilev, Michael Keidar, Anton Nikiforov, Rouhollah Jalili, Patrick J. Cullen, Liming Dai, Volker Hessel, Annemie Bogaerts, Anthony B. Murphy, Renwu Zhou, Kostya Ostrikov
Abstract
Abstract This article discusses the ‘power-to-X’ (P2X) concept, highlighting the integral role of non-thermal plasma (NTP) in P2X for the eco-friendly production of chemicals and valuable fuels. NTP with unique thermally non-equilibrium characteristics, enables exotic reactions to occur under ambient conditions. This review summarizes the plasma-based P2X systems, including plasma discharges, reactor configurations, catalytic or non-catalytic processes, and modeling techniques. Especially, the potential of NTP to directly convert stable molecules including CO 2 , CH 4 and air/N 2 is critically examined. Additionally, we further present and discuss hybrid technologies that integrate NTP with photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and biocatalysis, broadening its applications in P2X. It concludes by identifying key challenges, such as high energy consumption, and calls for the outlook in plasma catalysis and complex reaction systems to generate valuable products efficiently and sustainably, and achieve the industrial viability of the proposed plasma P2X strategy.