Dynamic Flow Modelling for Model-Predictive Wind Farm Control
Maarten J. van den Broek, Jan‐Willem van Wingerden
Abstract
Abstract We aim to improve wind farm control for power output by building on the results from WFSim for the development of a dynamic wind farm model. This model will be part of a closed-loop, economic model-predictive control approach for wind farms. It is constructed from first principles using open-source tools to be suitable for adjoint-based optimisation of turbine yaw angles. In a steady-state inflow configuration with two turbines, the new control model matches power expectations from high fidelity simulations in SOWFA to within 15 %. Under time-varying wind directions, it shows time delays in wake direction as inflow changes propagate through the farm with the wind speed, although the dynamics still differ from the SOWFA reference. The model runs flow simulations for a wind farm with a 3 x 3 array of turbines at a real-time order of magnitude on a regular laptop computer. The new control model shows dynamic flow behaviour as wake changes propagate through the wind farm. Some further adjustments are necessary to accurately model three-dimensional flow in two dimensions. With more validation of the wake dynamics, it will be suitable for application in a new closed-loop wind farm controller.