Biophotonic Strategies of Measurement and Stimulation of the Cranial and the Extracranial Lymphatic Drainage Function
Oxana Semyachkina‐Glushkovskaya, Dmitry E. Postnov, Anastasia I. Lavrova, Ivan V. Fedosov, Ekaterina Borisova, Vladimir N. Nikolenko, Thomas Penzel, Jürgen Kurths, Valery V. Tuchin
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the crucial role of cranial and the extracranial lymphatics in keeping the central nervous system (CNS) health. We talk about the important lymphatic mechanism of removal of metabolites and toxins from the brain, which orchestrates the regenerative processes in CNS. We debate a novel knowledge about the lymphatic mechanism responsible for maintaining the balance between the exit and the entrance of molecules and cells from and into CNS. Finally, we highlight the pioneering technologies of biophotonic stimulation of lymphatic drainage function that can open a new era for the development of novel bedside, readily applicable and commercially viable technologies for the treatment of brain diseases.