IFITM proteins assist cellular uptake of diverse linked chemotypes
Kevin Lou, Douglas R. Wassarman, Tangpo Yang, YiTing Paung, Ziyang Zhang, Thomas O’loughlin, Megan K. Moore, Regina K. Egan, Patricia Greninger, Cyril H. Benes, Markus A. Seeliger, Jack Taunton, Luke A. Gilbert, Kevan M. Shokat
Abstract
The search for cell-permeable drugs has conventionally focused on low-molecular weight (MW), nonpolar, rigid chemical structures. However, emerging therapeutic strategies break traditional drug design rules by employing flexibly linked chemical entities composed of more than one ligand. Using complementary genome-scale chemical-genetic approaches we identified an endogenous chemical uptake pathway involving interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) that modulates the cell permeability of a prototypical biopic inhibitor of MTOR (RapaLink-1, MW: 1784 g/mol). We devised additional linked inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL1 (DasatiLink-1, MW: 1518 g/mol) and EIF4A1 (BisRoc-1, MW: 1466 g/mol), uptake of which was facilitated by IFITMs. We also found that IFITMs moderately assisted some proteolysis-targeting chimeras and examined the physicochemical requirements for involvement of this uptake pathway.