Advancing extracellular vesicle production: improving physiological relevance and yield with 3D cell culture
Kara Cook, Huiyan Li
Abstract
2D cell culture models on EV production and analysis. In this review, we examine recent studies that compare the impacts of 3D and 2D cell culture models on EV yield, composition, and functionality. We categorize 3D models into subtypes, including spheroids, hydrogels, rigid scaffolds, and bioreactors. Details of each model's impact on EVs compared to 2D cell culture are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these 3D models as identified in individual studies, offering insights to guide future research directions in this evolving field.
Topics & Concepts
Extracellular vesiclesExtracellular vesicleRelevance (law)Yield (engineering)Production (economics)ExtracellularCell biologyVesicleCell cultureBiochemical engineeringChemistryMicrovesiclesBiologyBiochemistryMaterials scienceEngineeringPolitical scienceMetallurgyLawEconomicsMembraneGeneGeneticsMacroeconomicsmicroRNAExtracellular vesicles in diseaseRNA Interference and Gene DeliveryMicroRNA in disease regulation