A review of titanium (IV) complexes of Schiff base ligands and their derivatives containing the donor atoms ONO, ONON, ONNO, and heterocyclic exhibiting biological activity covered over two decades along with the significance of molecular docking
Muthuraj Ganesan, S. Arockiasamy
Abstract
In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the synthetic strategies and biological activity of Schiff base complexes of titanium using various types of Schiff base ligands. Despite the potential of Schiff base ligands, there have been very few studies using titanium metal compared to the volume of work done with other transition metal ions such as Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, etc. This review focuses on the non-oxo six or eight coordinated complexes of titanium (IV) of various Schiff base ligands formed by the condensation of mono/diamines with various aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes or ketones such salen, salan, and salophen with the coordination sphere containing ONO, ONON, ONNO donor atoms. The literature on Schiff base titanium complexes (319 complexes), spanning 2003–2024, has been reviewed and discussed, along with their synthesis methods and biological activities. This comprehensive analysis of titanium (IV) complexes underscores the importance of these complexes in enhancing our understanding of their biological relevance and therapeutic potential. Finally, we have discussed the docking parameters of 19 titanium Schiff base complexes and reviewed their binding energy and dock score.