Notes, outline, taxonomy and phylogeny of wood-inhabiting Agaricales
JH Dong, ML Chen, M Chen, Q. Li, YJ Zhu, XC Zhang, CQ Zhou, W Li, A Muhammad, HM Zhou, S Jabeen, CL Zhao
Abstract
The order Agaricales covers fungi with diverse basidiomata types, and as one of the most species-rich orders within the phylum Basidiomycota, it comprises over 40,000 described species, whose basidiomata exhibit a remarkable spectrum of morphological diversity ranging from resupinate (corticioid) to conchate, cyphelloid, stereoid, clavarioid, agaricoid, gasteroid, sequestrate, or highly complex, with lamellate, smooth, wrinkled, odontoid, poroid hymenophore, demonstrating the broad adaptive evolutionary features. Such morphological plasticity not only reflects the functional complexity in ecological roles, reproductive strategies, and habitat adaptation but also provides the critical evidence for taxonomic delineation and phylogenetic reconstruction research. Traditionally, morphological characters have been used to identify and classify woodinhabiting Agaricales, which has led to many taxonomic controversies. Modern molecular methods, based on DNA sequence data, have led to a more reliable and natural classification of woodinhabiting Agaricales. The present study revises the taxonomy of the wood-inhabiting Agaricales based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 199 genera belong to the wood-inhabiting Agaricales, with 65 genera having brief notes provided. Of these, 40 families belong to woodinhabiting Agaricales (eg., Physalacriaceae: 18; Porotheleaceae: 16; Cyphellaceae: 15; Cyphellopsidaceae: 12; Omphalotaceae: 11; Mycenaceae: 9; Cystostereaceae: 8; Phyllotopsidaceae: 7; Pterulaceae: 7; Strophariaceae: 7; Crepidotaceae: 6; Nidulariaceae: 6; Psathyrellaceae: 6; Tubariaceae: 6; Campanellaceae: 5; Crepidotaceae: 5; Lyophyllaceae: 5; Clavariaceae: 4; Lichenomphaliaceae: 4; Marasmiaceae: 4; Pleurotaceae: 4; Radulomycetaceae: 4; Stephanosporaceae: 3; Bolbitiaceae: 2; Callistosporiaceae: 2; Fistulinaceae: 2; Hygrocybaceae: 2; Lycoperdaceae: 2; Sarcomyxaceae: 2; Schizophyllaceae: 2; Typhulaceae: 2; Xeromphalinaceae: 2; Broomeiaceae: 1; Cantharellulaceae: 1; Clitocybaceae: 1; Fayodiaceae: 1; Hygrophoraceae: 1; Mythicomycetaceae: 1; Resupinataceae: 1; Tricholomataceae: 1). Multi-locus phylogeny, including 185 species of Agaricales within Basidiomycota, are carried out using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1), and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and the results show that these species are phylogenetically placed in Agaricales (eg., 56 species in Omphalotaceae, 22 species in Cyphellopsidaceae, 16 species in Marasmiaceae, 10 species in Campanellaceae, 10 species in Resupinataceae). Based on morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, twelve new taxa are described in this study, including one new genus (Sicyoideibasidia) and eleven new species: Campanella yunnanensis, Collybiopsis albobasidiosa, Co. cremea, Co. yunnanensis, Dendrothele fissurata, Gracilihypha albohymenia, G. yunnanensis, Marasmius wumengshanensis, Resupinatus tenuis, Sicyoideibasidia bambusicola, and S. punctata. Detailed descriptions, morphological illustrations, and phylogenetic analysis results are provided for these new taxa.