Circularity scoring system: A product specific application to lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles
José Daniel Cruz Ugalde, Laura Talens Peiró
Abstract
The transition towards electric mobility has gained significant momentum in recent years, raising concerns on the environmental and social implications of lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, there are ongoing challenges related to the future supply of critical raw materials and the sustainable management of used batteries with remaining capacity. To address this, a 'Circularity Scoring System' is proposed. The method aims to evaluate specific aspects of the battery design and the manufacturer's support infrastructure that currently hamper the implementation of circular economy strategies. A comprehensive list of 25 evaluation criteria was initially compiled from existing standards on material efficiency. Then, 9 criteria were ultimately selected, weighted, and defined to evaluate a battery's potential to undergo three distinct pathways: repair and reuse, remanufacturing and repurpose, or recycling. Through this method, a final score is generated for each circular strategy, providing valuable insights for continually enhancing battery design and, subsequently, their sustainability.