Intranasal Insulin Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐mediated Apoptosis Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Xin Ding, Lili Zhang, Xinping Zhang, Yang Qin, Ke Yu, Xiaokun Yang
Topics & Concepts
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayAutophagyProtein kinase BTUNEL assayNeuroprotectionMicrogliaInsulin receptorInsulinUnfolded protein responseApoptosisEndocrinologyInternal medicineMedicineBiologyEndoplasmic reticulumSignal transductionCell biologyInflammationInsulin resistanceBiochemistryAutophagy in Disease and TherapyHeme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon MonoxideConnexins and lens biology