Metabolite Profiling of Curcuma zanthorrhiza Varieties Grown in Different Regions Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and Chemometrics Analysis
Maria Ekarista Klau, Eti Rohaeti, Mohamad Rafi, Made Artika, Laksmi Ambarsari, Waras Nurcholis, W Nurcholis, A Munshif, L Ambarsari, H Elfahmi; Woerdenbag, O Kayser, Jamu, T Awin, N Buzgaia, S Abd Ghafar, A Mediani, S Mohd Faudzi, M Maulidiani, K Shaari, F Abas, Ab Halim, M Tan, M Ismail, S Mahmud, R, S Oon, M Nallappan, T Tee, S Shohaimi, N Kassim, M Sa'ariwijaya, Y Cheah, Xanthorrhizol, K Lew, G Goh, R Son, Y Rukayadi, N Akarchariya, S Sirilun, J Julsrigival, S Chansakaowa, K Curcuma Glans, J Larsen, H Mary, G Susheela, S Jayasree, A Nizzy, B Rajagopal, S Jeeva, J Cho, H Kim, H Kim, H Song, E Hong, J.-K Hwang, H Chun, N Sairi, N Muhammad, A Pauzi, M Bakar, B Talip, N Abdullah, L Din, N Ibrahim, C Zhang, J Ji, M Ji, P Fan, M Lee, J.-K Hwang, W Nurcholis, L Ambarsari, E Purwakusumah, S Atun, N Aznam, R Arianingrum, B Senam; Naila, A Lestari, N Purnamaningsih, K Hardiwati, M Seninha, B Lay, S Yanti, J Akter, M Amzad Hossain, A Sano, K Takara, M Zahorul Islam, D.-X Hou, S Lee, M.-J Kim, S Son, K Kim, K.-K Park, W.-Y Chung, E Yogiara; Mordukhova, D Kim, W.-G Kim, J.-K Hwang, J.-G Pan
Abstract
Curcuma zanthorrhiza, also known as java turmeric, is a plant that has long been used as a medicinal herb. The efficacy of C. zanthorrhiza is primarily determined by the bioactive composition, which is dependent on many variables, including where it is grown and the different varieties of java turmeric used. In this study, we determined the metabolite profile of C. zanthorrhiza 70% ethanol extract using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS coupled with chemometrics analysis to characterize the differences between C. zanthorrhiza varieties (namely Cursina-1, Cursina-2, and Cursina-3) grown in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. An estimated total of 39 metabolites has been putatively identified. These metabolites were divided into amino acids, terpenoids, phenolics, diarylheptanoids, and other organic compounds groups. Chemometric results revealed significant differences in the geographical location metabolites profiles, which C. zanthorrhiza varieties had little effect. This study shows that UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS-based metabolomics is efficient for profiling C. zanthorrhiza across various regions.