X-ray recharged long afterglow luminescent nanoparticles MgGeO<sub>3</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup>,Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Li<sup>+</sup> in the first and second biological windows for long-term bioimaging
Shenghui Zheng, Junpeng Shi, Xiaoyan Fu, Chengcheng Wang, Xia Sun, Changjian Chen, Yixi Zhuang, Xiaoyan Zou, Yuechan Li, Hongwu Zhang
Abstract
was found to be 0.1, 0.5 and 0.5 mol%, respectively. The MGO nanoparticles synthesized using sol-gel methods showed a uniform morphology with a diameter of 50-100 nm, which were suitable for applications in bioimaging. More importantly, we have found MGO nanoparticles can be effectively excited to produce long persistent NIR-I and II luminescence using soft X-rays, suggesting that low dosage soft X-rays can also serve as a more powerful and deep tissue excitation source to recharge MGO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the MGO nanoparticles can also be re-excited to produce photo-stimulated emission under the irradiation of 650 and 808 nm NIR lasers. The in vivo imaging results have shown that MGO nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) can effectively realize super long-term targeted in vivo imaging of inflammation with a high sensitivity via recharging using soft X-rays and NIR lasers, which can provide not only an accurate diagnosis of inflammation, but also long-term monitoring of possible changes in the focus of inflammation in real time.