Order-disorder versus displacive transitions in Jahn-Teller active layered materials
Maxwell D. Radin, John Thomas, Anton Van der Ven
Abstract
Large anharmonic vibrations often play a crucial role in dynamically stabilizing crystalline phases whose structures are unstable at low temperature. Although the average structure of such phases can be measured through diffraction experiments, their local structure remains a challenge to characterize and understand. Dynamically stabilized phases are often classified as order/disorder or displacive based on the qualitative nature of their local structure. A robust understanding of how chemistry determines this distinction in behavior, however, is lacking. This article presents a parametric study of an anharmonic vibrational model that describes the transition from a cooperative to a noncooperative Jahn-Teller distortion in layered oxides---a class of materials widely used in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. The results illustrate how the shape of the energy landscape determines the extent to which the high-temperature phase has order/disorder vs displacive character. We find that the nature of the high-temperature phase is determined by a competition between the strength of the elastic coupling between Jahn-Teller distortions at nearby sites and the energy scale driving the Jahn-Teller distortion. A comparison of the model to energy landscapes calculated with density-functional theory suggests that the high-temperature phases of the Jahn-Teller active layered compounds $\mathrm{LiNi}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{NaNi}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{LiMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{NaMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ exhibit order/disorder character.