Association Between Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Glycemia Risk Index and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes
Jee Hee Yoo, Ji Yoon Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
Abstract
Background: The glycemia risk index (GRI) is a new composite metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to assess the quality of glycemia. This study investigates the association between the GRI and albuminuria. Methods: Professional CGM and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) data from 866 individuals with type 2 diabetes were retrospectively reviewed. Albuminuria and macroalbuminuria were defined as one or more UACR measurements ≥30 and ≥300 mg/g, respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of albuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 36.6% and 13.9%, respectively. Participants with a higher UACR had a significantly higher hyperglycemia component and GRI score than those with a lower UACR (all P < 0.001), although the hypoglycemia component did not differ among the groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for various factors affecting albuminuria revealed that the odds ratio (OR) of albuminuria was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.27, P = 0.039) per increase in the GRI zone. The results were similar for the risk of macroalbuminuria (OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 1.20–1.69], P < 0.001), and that association remained after adjusting for glycated hemoglobin (OR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.10–1.58], P = 0.004). Conclusions: GRI is strongly associated with albuminuria, especially macroalbuminuria, in type 2 diabetes.