Clinical neurocardiology: defining the value of neuroscience‐based cardiovascular therapeutics – 2024 update
Olujimi A. Ajijola, Tolga Aksu, Rishi Arora, Italo Biaggioni, Peng‐Sheng Chen, Gaetano Maria De Ferrari, Veronica Dusi, Marat Fudim, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Alexander L. Green, Neil Herring, Sahib S. Khalsa, Rajesh Kumar, Edward G. Lakatta, Reena Mehra, Christian Meyer, Sunny S. Po, Stavros Stavrakis, Virend K. Somers, Alex Y. Tan, Miguel Valderrábano, Kalyanam Shivkumar
Abstract
The intricate role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in regulating cardiac physiology has long been recognized. Aberrant function of the ANS is central to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. It stands to reason, therefore, that neuroscience-based cardiovascular therapeutics hold great promise in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in humans. A decade after the inaugural edition, this White Paper reviews the current state of understanding of human cardiac neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and pathophysiology in specific disease conditions, autonomic testing, risk stratification, and neuromodulatory strategies to mitigate the progression of cardiovascular diseases.