Metal/acid bifunctional catalysts for the reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulose into phenols and holocellulose
Shinyoung Oh, Sangseo Gu, Jae-Wook Choi, Jae-Wook Choi, Dong Jin Suh, Hyunjoo Lee, Chang Soo Kim, Kwang Ho Kim, Chun‐Jae Yoo, Jungkyu Choi, Jungkyu Choi, Jeong‐Myeong Ha
Abstract
Mongolian oak (MO), a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, was fractionated via reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) into holocellulose-rich solid residue and lignin-derived phenol-rich liquid oil. To achieve an economically feasible RCF process, tungstate-zirconia (WZr)-supported metal catalysts, exhibiting bifunctionalities of hydrogen-adsorbing metal and acidic WZr, were used for depolymerizing and valorizing lignocellulose, and their catalytic activity was found to be highly dependent on the deposited metal. Ru/WZr exhibited excellent fractioning ability, achieving a maximum yield of 23.6 wt% of monomeric and dimeric compounds from MO and exhibiting the potential to be techno-economically viable. The superior activity of Ru/WZr can be attributed to the synergistic effects of metal and acid, which were studied by investigating the product distributions of aromatic small molecules depending on the properties of WZr-supported metal catalysts. The stabilization of reactive radical intermediates depending on the surface Brønsted acidity of acid catalysts and hydrogen-adsorbing ability of metals were also investigated. RCF reaction conditions were optimized for the maximum yield of monomeric compounds, which can be beneficial for the further development of industrial processes.