Real-time PM10 emission rates from paved roads by measurement of concentrations in the vehicle's wake using on-board sensors Part 2. Comparison of SCAMPER, TRAKER™, flux measurements, and AP-42 silt sampling under controlled conditions
Dennis R. Fitz, Kurt Bumiller, Vic Etyemezian, Hampden D. Kuhns, John A. Gillies, George Nikolich, David E. James, Rodney Langston, Russell Merle
Abstract
Representative soil was evenly applied to an 800-m section of road surface. The test area was of sufficient length to allow for measurement at constant speeds of up to 72 km hr−1. SCAMPER and TRAKER™ mobile measurement vehicles made repeated test runs while an instrumented tower measured upwind-downwind horizontal PM10 flux. AP-42 methods were used to collect silt samples and calculate PM10 emission factors. Both silt loadings and vehicle speeds were varied during the experiment. Street sweeping the as-found roadway showed an initial rise in PM10 emission rates. Both TRAKER and SCAMPER measured rapid decay of PM10 emission rates after depositing soil. Both the tower flux and AP-42 silt loading measurements were consistent with the mobile methods. Decaying particle suspension rates suggest emission rates are a function of both vehicle speed and silt loading. Mobile methods allow a cost-effective method of rapidly measuring PM10 emissions from roadways.