<p>Lanthanides-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/<em>Aloe vera</em> Composite Coated Titanium Plate for Bone Tissue Regeneration</p>

Abstract

Purpose: To develop the surface-treated metal implant with highly encouraged positive properties, including high anti-corrosiveness, bio-activeness and bio-compatibleness for orthopedic applications. Methods: In this work, the surface of commercially pure titanium (Ti) metal was treated with bio-compatible polydopamine (PD) by merely immersing the Ti plate in PD solution. The composite of trivalent lanthanide minerals (La 3+ , Ce 3+ and Gd 3+ )-substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP) with Aloe vera (AV) gel was prepared and coated on the PD-Ti plate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The choice of trivalent lanthanide ions is based on their bio-compatible nature and bone-seeking properties. The formation of the PD layer, composites, and composite coatings on Ti plate and PD-Ti surface was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM observations. In-vitro assessments such as osteoblasts like MG-63 cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability of the MHAP/AV composite were tested, and the composite-coated plate was implanted into a rat bone defect model for in-vivo bone regeneration studies. Results: The coating ability of the MHAP/AV composite was highly preferred to PD-treated Ti plate than an untreated Ti plate due to the metal absorption ability of PD. This was confirmed by SEM analysis. The in-vitro and in-vivo studies show the better osteogenic ability of MHAP/AV composite at 14 th day and 4 th week of an experimental period, respectively. Conclusion: The osteoblast ability of the fabricated device without producing any adverse effect in the rat model recommends that the fabricated device would serve as a better platform on the hard tissue regeneration for load-bearing applications of orthopedics. Keywords: bio-compatible, electrophoretic deposition, hydroxyapatite, mussel adhesive protein, polydopamine, surface treatment

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