The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Multimorbidity and Cancer
Alfredo Cesario, Marika D’Oria, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Antonella Pietragalla, Domenica Lorusso, Gennaro Daniele, Franziska Michaela Lohmeyer, Luca Boldrini, Vincenzo Valentini, Roberto Bernabei, Charles Auffray, Giovanni Scambia
Abstract
Traditional healthcare paradigms rely on the disease-centered approach aiming at reducing human nature by discovering specific drivers and biomarkers that cause the advent and progression of diseases. This reductive approach is not always suitable to understand and manage complex conditions, such as multimorbidity and cancer. Multimorbidity requires considering heterogeneous data to tailor preventing and targeting interventions. Personalized Medicine represents an innovative approach to address the care needs of multimorbid patients considering relevant patient characteristics, such as lifestyle and individual preferences, in opposition to the more traditional "one-size-fits-all" strategy focused on interventions designed at the population level. Integration of omic (e.g., genomics) and non-strictly medical (e.g., lifestyle, the exposome) data is necessary to understand patients' complexity. Artificial Intelligence can help integrate and manage heterogeneous data through advanced machine learning and bioinformatics algorithms to define the best treatment for each patient with multimorbidity and cancer. The experience of an Italian research hospital, leader in the field of oncology, may help to understand the multifaceted issue of managing multimorbidity and cancer in the framework of Personalized Medicine.