Postcardiotomy Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation With and Without Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Björk Björnsdóttir, Fausto Biancari, Magnus Dalén, Angelo M. Dell’Aquila, Kristján Jónsson, Antonio Fiore, Giovanni Mariscalco, Zein El‐Dean, Giuseppe Gatti, Svante Zipfel, Andréa Perrotti, Karl Bounader, Khalid Alkhamees, Antonio Loforte, Andrea Lechiancole, Marek Pol, Cristiano Spadaccio, Matteo Pettinari, Dieter De Keyzer, Henryk Welp, Giuseppe Speziale, Artur Lichtenberg, Vito Giovanni Ruggieri, Hakeem Yusuf, Sigurður Ragnarsson
Abstract
ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of patients with postcardiotomy shock treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) only compared with VA-ECMO and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).DesignA retrospective multicenter registry study.SettingAt 19 cardiac surgery units.ParticipantsA total of 615 adult patients who required VA-ECMO from 2010 to 2018. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether they received VA-ECMO only (ECMO only group) or VA-ECMO plus IABP (ECMO-IABP group).Measurements and Main ResultsThe overall series mean age was 63 ± 13 years, and 33% were female. The ECMO-only group included 499 patients, and 116 patients were in the ECMO-IABP group. Urgent and/or emergent procedures were more common in the ECMO-only group. Central cannulation was performed in 47% (n = 54) in the ECMO-IABP group compared to 27% (n = 132) in the ECMO-only group. In the ECMO-IABP group, 58% (n = 67) were successfully weaned from ECMO, compared to 46% (n = 231) in the ECMO-only group (p = 0.026). However, in-hospital mortality was 63% in the ECMO-IABP group compared to 65% in the ECMO-only group (p = 0.66). Among 114 propensity score-matched pairs, ECMO-IABP group had comparable weaning rates (57% v 53%, p = 0.51) and in-hospital mortality (64% v 58%, p = 0.78).ConclusionsThis multicenter study showed that adjunctive IABP did not translate into better outcomes in patients treated with VA-ECMO for postcardiotomy shock. To compare the outcomes of patients with postcardiotomy shock treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) only compared with VA-ECMO and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). A retrospective multicenter registry study. At 19 cardiac surgery units. A total of 615 adult patients who required VA-ECMO from 2010 to 2018. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether they received VA-ECMO only (ECMO only group) or VA-ECMO plus IABP (ECMO-IABP group). The overall series mean age was 63 ± 13 years, and 33% were female. The ECMO-only group included 499 patients, and 116 patients were in the ECMO-IABP group. Urgent and/or emergent procedures were more common in the ECMO-only group. Central cannulation was performed in 47% (n = 54) in the ECMO-IABP group compared to 27% (n = 132) in the ECMO-only group. In the ECMO-IABP group, 58% (n = 67) were successfully weaned from ECMO, compared to 46% (n = 231) in the ECMO-only group (p = 0.026). However, in-hospital mortality was 63% in the ECMO-IABP group compared to 65% in the ECMO-only group (p = 0.66). Among 114 propensity score-matched pairs, ECMO-IABP group had comparable weaning rates (57% v 53%, p = 0.51) and in-hospital mortality (64% v 58%, p = 0.78). This multicenter study showed that adjunctive IABP did not translate into better outcomes in patients treated with VA-ECMO for postcardiotomy shock.