Sex‐related differences in the presentation, management and response to treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: Cross sectional analysis of EoE CONNECT registry
Emilio J. Laserna‐Mendieta, Sergio Casabona, Edurne Amorena, Edoardo Savarino, Isabel Pérez‐Martínez, Leonardo Blas‐Jhon, Antonio Guardiola‐Arévalo, Marina Coletta, Gaia Pellegatta, Danila Guagnozzi, Jésus Barrio, Antonia Perelló, Elena Betoré Glaría, Anne Lund Krarup, Martina Votto, Carolina Gutiérrez‐Junquera, Juan E. Naves, Salvatore Oliva, Carlos Teruel, Sílvia Carrión, S. Riva, Silvia Espina, Sonia Fernández‐Fernández, Mónica Llorente Barrio, Irene Pascual‐Lopez, María Luisa Masiques‐Mas, Raúl Honrubia López, Raffaella Dainese, Natalia García‐Morales, Julyssa Cobián, Juan Khaled Bisso‐Zein, Valentín Roales, Alba Juan Juan, Alba Rodríguez‐Sánchez, Sara Feo‐Ortega, Verónica Martín Domínguez, Óscar Nantes, Julia Nicolay‐Maneru, Matteo Ghisa, Daria Maniero, Adolfo Suárez, Iván Maray, Marta Álvarez‐García, Alicia Granja Navacerrada, Roberto Penagini, Francesca Racca, Ronald Llerena‐Castro, Cecílio Santander, Ángel Arias, Alfredo J. Lucendo
Abstract
Abstract Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) predominantly affects males across all ages; however, little is known about sex differences for other aspects of EoE. Objective To investigate associations between sex and clinical presentation, endoscopic features, treatment choice and response in EoE patients in real‐world practice. Methods Cross‐sectional analysis of the multicenter EoE CONNECT registry. The independent contribution of patients' sex and other relevant variables were statistically assessed by multivariate models. Results A total of 2976 patients (76% male) were evaluated. Males were diagnosed at a younger age compared to females (32.7 ± 14.8 vs. 34.8 ± 15.6 years, respectively; p = 0.002) with similar diagnostic delay. EoE symptoms varied significantly between sexes, with food impaction predominating in males and dysphagia, heartburn, regurgitation and abdominal and epigastric pain in females. However, female sex contributed to higher symptom severity at diagnosis as measured with Dysphagia Symptom Score ( R 2 = 0.57; p = 0.013) and presented higher peak eosinophil count in esophageal biopsies ( p = 0.005). Males showed increased risk of stricturing or mixed phenotypes (adjusted OR 1.43, 95%CI:1.05–1.96; p = 0.024). No association was found between patients’ sex and first‐line treatment modality: proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were preferred over topical corticosteroids in patients with inflammatory phenotypes instead of stricturing or mixed phenotypes, and in patients who did not present food impaction. Both topical corticosteroids and dietary interventions were preferred over PPI in pediatric patients regardless of sex. Conclusions Sex is associated with clinical and phenotypical presentation of EoE at diagnosis, with more fibrotic findings in males but higher symptom score in females.