Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study
Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Amaq Fadholly, Annise Proboningrat, Yulanda Antonius, Suhailah Hayaza, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo, Bilqis Inayatillah, Mada Triandala Sibero, Sin War Naw, Gabrielle Ann Villar Posa, Teguh Hari Sucipto, Soegeng Soegijanto
Abstract
Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV-2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC 50 = 73.78 g/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC 50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 g/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.