Antibacterial effectiveness of multi-strain probiotics supernatants intracanal medication on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a tooth model
Shymaa Shaaban, Salma Genena, Alaaeldin Elraggal, Gamal M. Hamad, Marwa Ahmed Meheissen, Sybel Moussa
Abstract
Abstract Background To assess the antibacterial activity of multi-strain probiotics supernatants (MSP); Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , and Lactobacillus acidophilus as an intracanal medication on Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis ) biofilm in a tooth model. Methods Sixty extracted human single-rooted teeth with single canals were instrumented, sterilized, and inoculated with E. faecalis . After 21 days of incubation, four specimens were randomly selected to validate the biofilm formation by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining specimens were randomly divided (n = 14), according to the intracanal medication (ICM) received into: Ca(OH) 2 : calcium hydroxide paste (35% Ultra Cal XS Ca(OH) 2 ), Probiotics supernatants : MSP in poloxamer gel vehicle Poloxamer : poloxamer gel vehicle and, Control : E. faecalis biofilm only. The tested groups were further subdivided into two equal subgroups (n = 7) according to the incubation period (24 h and 7 days). Shaved dentin chips were obtained and collected by H-files and paper points, respectively for bacterial culture. The antibacterial activity was assessed after each incubation period quantitatively and qualitatively using bacterial colony-forming units per milliliter (CFUs/ml) and SEM, respectively. Results The lowest CFUs/ml was found in Ca (OH) 2 with a significant difference compared to other groups after 24 h. After 7 days, a similar outcome was found with a further significant reduction of CFUs/ml in all groups with no statistical difference between Ca(OH) 2 and probiotics supernatants groups. Ca (OH) 2 and Probiotics supernatants groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) percentage of overall bacterial reduction (100.00 ± 0.00% and 70.30 ± 12.95%, respectively) compared to poloxamer and control groups (27.80 ± 14.45 and 28.29 ± 19.79). SEM images showed a bacteria-free state in the Ca(OH) 2 group after 7 days while few bacteria were found in the probiotics supernatants group. An extensive invasion of bacteria was found in poloxamer and controls groups. Conclusion MSP has a potential antibacterial effect on E. faecalis growth closely similar to the routinely used Ca (OH) 2 .