Carbon coated titanium dioxide (CC-TiO2) as an efficient anode material for sodium- ion batteries
Rahul Kumar, Anagha Pradeep, Parag Bhargava
Abstract
Abstract TiO 2 has attracted a lot of attention as anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its higher operating voltage, safely and low lost material, but TiO 2 has two main issues, low electronic conductivity and slow solid-state ion diffusion. These issues have been successfully resolved by researchers using carbon coating on TiO 2 . In this work, carbon coated TiO 2 (CC-TiO 2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by using TiO 2 and sucrose as soluble source of carbon. The carbon coating on TiO 2 particles was formed after heat treatment in inert atmosphere. CC-TiO 2 particles exhibited reversible capacity of 116 mAh g − 1 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles, and high capacity retention of 77% after 100 cycles in a sodium-ion battery cell. The impressive electrochemical performance of the TiO 2 particles is due to several factors: the small size of the crystallites, the continuous electronic network created by the close contact of individual carbon-coated TiO 2 particles, and the efficient penetration of the mesopores by the electrolyte.