Line-of-Sight-Based Coordinated Channel Resource Allocation Management in UAV-Assisted Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Muhammad Ismail, Fazal Muhammad, Zeeshan Shafiq, Muhammad Irfan, Saifur Rahman, Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal, Grzegorz Nowakowski, Eduard Zharikov
Abstract
In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), the Road-Side-Units (RSUs) that acts as base station for serving vehicles may experience significant traffic and congestion during peak hours due to the density of vehicles. To solve this problem, we suggest a coordinated strategy including Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicles (UAVs) on-demand use to supplement and service RSUs and other vehicles. Better resource allocation strategies are required to handle this issue because RSUs and UAVs may share the same set of channels, which will lead to interference. In this research, we propose a UAV-Assisted Protocol (UAVa) to improve network performance, especially throughput. The platform for resource allocation between UAVs and RSUs established by our suggested protocol is cooperative and well-coordinated. The criterion of channel allocation is based on the probability that a Line-of-Sight (LoS) link will exist between the vehicle and the UAV/RSU. The UAV serves the car if the LoS probability is high; otherwise, the RSU offers the service. Signals are successfully decoded to reduce interference if their Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) is higher than a set SINR threshold. In contrast, other signals are subject to a back-off timer. We show through simulations that including UAVs is more effective and provides a reliable communication system in VANETs. By implementing a probabilistic access mechanism, our coordinated vehicular network efficiently lessens the stress on RSUs while on the load to UAVs, especially in locations with high traffic density. The LoS connectivity and optimized channel allocation offer better quality of service through RSU and UAVs in this cooperative environment.