Boundary theory of the X-cube model in the continuum
Zhu-Xi Luo, Ryan C. Spieler, Hao-Yu Sun, Andreas Karch
Abstract
We study the boundary theory of the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{N}$ X-cube model using a continuum perspective, from which the exchange statistics of a subset of bulk excitations can be recovered. We discuss various gapped boundary conditions that either preserve or break the translation and rotation symmetries on the boundary, and further present the corresponding ground-state degeneracies on ${T}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}I$. The low-energy physics is highly sensitive to the boundary conditions: even the extensive part of the ground-state degeneracy can vary when different sets of boundary conditions are chosen on the two boundaries. We also examine the anomaly inflow of the boundary theory and find that the X-cube model is not the unique $(3+1)$-dimensional theory that cancels the 't Hooft anomaly of the boundary.