Phaseocyclopentenones A and B, Phytotoxic Penta- and Tetrasubstituted Cyclopentenones Produced by <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>, the Causal Agent of Charcoal Rot of Soybean in Argentina
Marco Masi, Francisco Sautua, Roukia Zatout, Stefany Castaldi, Lorenzo Arrico, Rachele Isticato, Gennaro Pescitelli, Marcelo Carmona, Antonio Evidente
Abstract
Two new penta- and tetrasubstituted cyclopentenones, named phaseocyclopentenones A and B (1 and 2), together with guignardone A (3), were isolated from Macrophomina phaseolina cultures. The phytopathogenic fungus was isolated from infected soybean tissues showing charcoal rot symptoms in Argentina. Charcoal rot is a devastating disease considering that soybean is one of the main legumes cultivated in the world. Phaseocyclopentenones A and B were characterized by 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS spectrometric data and chemical methods as 4-benzoyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-phenylcyclopent-2-enone and 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylcyclopent-2-enone, respectively. The relative configuration of phaseocyclopentenones A and B was assigned by 1H and NOESY NMR methods, while their absolute configurations were assigned by electronic circular dichroism methods. When assayed on a nonhost plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by the leaf puncture assay, phaseocyclopentenones A and B and guignardone A showed phytotoxic activity, while only 1 and 2 were toxic when tested on cuttings of the same plant. No phytotoxicity or antifungal activity was detected for the three compounds on the host plant soybean (Glycine max L.) and against some of its fungal pathogens, namely, Cercospora nicotianae and Colletotrichum truncatum, also isolated from infected soybean plants in Argentina.