Shake-table testing of a stone masonry building aggregate: overview of blind prediction study
Igor Tomić, Andrea Penna, Matthew J. DeJong, Christoph Butenweg, António A. Correia, Paulo Candeias, Ilaria Senaldi, Gabriele Guerrini, Daniele Malomo, Bastian Valentin Wilding, D. Pettinga, M. Spanenburg, N. Galanakis, S. Oliver, F. Parisse, Rui Marques, Serena Cattari, Paulo B. Lourénço, Francisco Gálvez, Dmytro Dizhur, Jason Ingham, Giancarlo Ramaglia, Gian Piero Lignola, Andrea Prota, Omar AlShawa, Domenico Liberatore, Luigi Sorrentino, Raffaele Gagliardo, Michele Godio, Francesco Portioli, Raffaele Landolfo, Fabio Solarino, Nicoletta Bianchini, Maria Pia Ciocci, Antonio Romanazzi, Abide Aşıkoğlu, Jennifer D’Anna, Rafael Arias Ramírez, F. Romis, Marko Marinković, Filip Đorđević, Katrin Beyer
Abstract
Abstract City centres of Europe are often composed of unreinforced masonry structural aggregates, whose seismic response is challenging to predict. To advance the state of the art on the seismic response of these aggregates, the Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures (AIMS) subproject from Horizon 2020 project Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA) provides shake-table test data of a two-unit, double-leaf stone masonry aggregate subjected to two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. A blind prediction was organized with participants from academia and industry to test modelling approaches and assumptions and to learn about the extent of uncertainty in modelling for such masonry aggregates. The participants were provided with the full set of material and geometrical data, construction details and original seismic input and asked to predict prior to the test the expected seismic response in terms of damage mechanisms, base-shear forces, and roof displacements. The modelling approaches used differ significantly in the level of detail and the modelling assumptions. This paper provides an overview of the adopted modelling approaches and their subsequent predictions. It further discusses the range of assumptions made when modelling masonry walls, floors and connections, and aims at discovering how the common solutions regarding modelling masonry in general, and masonry aggregates in particular, affect the results. The results are evaluated both in terms of damage mechanisms, base shear forces, displacements and interface openings in both directions, and then compared with the experimental results. The modelling approaches featuring Discrete Element Method (DEM) led to the best predictions in terms of displacements, while a submission using rigid block limit analysis led to the best prediction in terms of damage mechanisms. Large coefficients of variation of predicted displacements and general underestimation of displacements in comparison with experimental results, except for DEM models, highlight the need for further consensus building on suitable modelling assumptions for such masonry aggregates.