Maximal entropy measures of diffeomorphisms of circle fiber bundles

Abstract

We characterize the maximal entropy measures of partially hyperbolic C 2 diffeomorphisms whose center foliations form circle bundles, by means of suitable finite sets of saddle points, that we call skeletons. In the special case of 3-dimensional nilmanifolds other than the torus, this entails the following dichotomy: either the diffeomorphism is a rotation extension of an Anosov diffeomorphism — in which case there is a unique maximal measure, with full support and zero center Lyapunov exponents — or there exist exactly two ergodic maximal measures, both hyperbolic and whose center Lyapunov exponents have opposite signs. Moreover, the set of maximal measures varies continuously with the diffeomorphism.

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