Hard carbon anode derived from camellia seed shell with superior cycling performance for sodium-ion batteries
Yanlong Jia, Xiaoyang Chen, Haiyan Lu, Faping Zhong, Xiangming Feng, Weihua Chen, Xinping Ai, Hanxi Yang, Yuliang Cao
Abstract
Abstract Hard carbons are deemed to be promising anodes for commercialized sodium-ion batteries due to their abundant resources, low cost, and low-plateau potential (∼0.1 V versus Na + /Na). However, the practical application of hard carbon anodes has been hindered by their unstable long-time cycling performance. Herein, a hard carbon anode derived from a camellia (TS1300) seed shell exhibits a high reversible capacity of 299.1 mA h g −1 together with a superior stable capacity retention of 93.8% over 1000 cycles. Further experimental results reveal that the proper graphene interlayer spacing (0.375 nm) and graphitic-like nanodomain structure are critical to excellent electrochemical performance. Therefore, this hard carbon material derived from the camellia seed shell is a promising anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.