Design, structure, and application of conductive polymer hybrid materials: a comprehensive review of classification, fabrication, and multifunctionality
Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Almuthanna K. Alkaraki, Omar Gammoh, Esam Qnais, Abdelrahim Alqudah, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Mohamed El‐Tanani
Abstract
polymerization, electrochemical deposition, solution blending, and sol-gel techniques. We evaluated the influence of these structural forms on performance metrics, including electrical conductivity, flexibility, and long-term durability. Representative applications in sensing, energy storage, corrosion protection, and environmental remediation are examined to highlight their functional advantages and practical limitations. Challenges in synthesis, precision, material stability, and device integration are also discussed. A final roadmap connecting structural design choices to specific application outcomes and outlining priorities for the future development of scalable and multifunctional CP hybrid systems is presented.