Biomass of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed as Raw Material for Obtaining 2D Carbonic Nanostructures
А. P. Voznyakovskii, А. П. Карманов, A. Yu. Neverovskaya, Aleksei Vozniakovskii, Л. С. Кочева, С. В. Кидалов
Abstract
The possibility of carbonizing the Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi) biomass for obtaining carbonic nanomaterials was investigated. The component composition was characterized and the parameters of the superficially porous structure of plant biomass were determined. The isotherms of adsorption and desorption of nitrogen on the surface were studied and it was shown that they relate to the type II according to the IUPAC classification. Investigation of the pore size distribution showed that the major part of the pore space of the plant raw material is represented by mesopores with the average width of 3.5 nm. The specific surface area according to Brunauer–Emmet–Teller was determined, 16.4 m2/g. Nanocarbonic powders were synthesized using a method of the carbonization of organic materials under the effect of local extremely high temperatures and oxidizers formed during the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS method). Using the methods of spectral analysis (Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry) and electron microscopy, it was shown that in terms of their morphometric parameters the particles of the obtained carbonized product correspond to 2D nanocarbon in the form of graphene nanoplates. The low-defect planar surface and the presence of the oxygen-containing terminal groups are the characteristic properties of the new product. The specific surface area, 179.1 m2/g, was determined. It was found that the major contribution to the specific surface area of the nanomaterial obtained on the basis of the Sosnowsky’s hogweed biomass is made by the micropores.