Focus on the Possible Role of Dietary Sodium, Potassium, Phosphate, Magnesium, and Calcium on CKD Progression
Sandro Mazzaferro, Natalia De Martini, Jorge B. Cannata‐Andía, Mario Cozzolino, Piergiorgio Messa, Silverio Rotondi, Lida Tartaglione, Marzia Pasquali, on behalf of the ERA-EDTA CKD-MBD Working Group
Abstract
The impressive estimated number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the world justifies any possible effort at implementing preventive measures of disease progression. Renal insufficiency is associated with significant changes in the electrolyte handling and body balance of sodium, potassium, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium, all of which are biologically vital molecules. Dietary habits could contribute significantly to the optimal management of possible derangements. In this review, we examined the available evidence recommending dietary prescriptions for these five elements aiming at reducing CKD progression. Clear evidence that specific dietary prescriptions may halt or reduce CKD progression is lacking. However, some practical recommendations are possible to prescribe the best possible therapy to the individual CKD patient.