Application of Nanotechnology in Antimicrobial Coating on Surgical Instruments

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most prevalent nosocomial disorders that can cause significant consequences following surgical procedures. SSIs place a tremendous physical, psychological, and financial strain on the patients and medical personnel. SSI infections persist as a substantial factor in mortality and morbidity following surgery. The most frequent cause of postoperative infections is bacterial pathogens, which include both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. With a variety of exposure methods, such as the surface of contaminated surgical instruments, these bacteria can contaminate a surgical wound site. Biomedical equipment including implants or surgical sutures, also provides the optimal locations for bacterial adhesion, colonization, and biofilm development. In the last decade, antibacterial coatings have progressively become a crucial component of the global strategy to prevent the spread of microbial pathogens. The increased knowledge and understanding of nanotechnology have led to a wide range of coating alternatives that imbue surfaces of biomedical and surgical equipment with antimicrobial and antibiofilm qualities. The significant concurrent improvements in biotechnology, materials science methodologies, and the affordability of coating processes assist in avoiding bacteria proliferation by imparting multifunctionality and enhancing the long-term stability of the surface. To proceed toward a more structured approach in this fascinating but challenging area, we summarize and evaluate the primary nanoparticles used for coating the surgical tools, their antibiofilm actions and mechanisms, and the popular methods for these nanoparticles on the surface of the tools. Finally, we provide an overview of the applications of implants and surgical tools with nanoparticle-based antimicrobial coating.

Topics & Concepts