Universal composite pulses for efficient population inversion with an arbitrary excitation profile
Genko T. Genov, Marcel Hain, Nikolay V. Vitanov, Thomas Halfmann
Abstract
We introduce a method to rotate arbitrarily the excitation profile of universal broadband composite pulse sequences for robust high-fidelity population inversion. These pulses compensate deviations in any experimental parameter (e.g., pulse amplitude, pulse duration, detuning from resonance, Stark shifts, unwanted frequency chirp, etc.) and are applicable with any pulse shape. The rotation allows one to achieve higher-order robustness to any combination of pulse area and detuning errors at no additional cost. The latter can be particularly useful, e.g., when detuning errors are due to Stark shifts that are correlated with the power of the applied field. We demonstrate the efficiency and universality of these composite pulses by experimental implementation for rephasing of atomic coherences in a ${\text{Pr}}^{3+}\text{:}{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}$ crystal.