Reliability Study of Diagnostic Tests for Functional Hallux Limitus
Rubén Sánchez‐Gómez, Ricardo Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa‐Iglesias, César Calvo‐Lobo, Emmanuel Navarro‐Flores, Patricia Palomo‐López, Carlos Romero‐Morales, Daniel López‐López
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Functional hallux limitus (FHL) refers to dorsiflexion hallux mobility limitation when the first metatarsal head is under loading conditions but not in the unloaded state. The goal of the study was to evaluate 3 common manual tests (Buell, Dananberg, and Jack tests) for assessing first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) mobility and determining the normal values needed to detect FHL, and clarify the signs and symptoms associated with this pathology. METHODS: Forty-four subjects were included in this reliability study. Subjects were divided into healthy control (non-FHL) and FHL groups according to the Buell first MPJ limitation values in addition to signs and symptoms derived from the literature. In both groups, we measured the mobility in the Buell, Dananberg, and Jack tests using a goniometer; their intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), sensitivities, and specificity indexes were also calculated. RESULTS: < .05) for the Buell, Dananberg, and Jack tests, respectively. CONCLUSION: Normal and limited mobility values were established for assessing FHL using each technique. The sensitivity and specificity data were perfect for the Dananberg and Jack tests, thus identifying these tests as specific and valid tools for use in FHL diagnosis. Pinch callus was the sign most associated with FHL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, comparative series.